Influenza Virus

Influenza virus-IN-6 (Compound 35) is a potent inhibitor of the N-terminal domain of the polymerase acidic protein (PA N) endonuclease subunit of the influenza virus, with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC 50) value of 0.20 μM [1].

Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an N-acetyl derivative of cysteine, a ROS inhibitor and mucolytic agent. Acetylcysteine induces apoptosis, can be used to reduce mucus thickness, and has anti-influenza viral activity.

Tunicamycin is a mixture of antibiotics that inhibit N-linked glycosylation by blocking GlcNAc phosphotransferase (GPT). Tunicamycin has antitumor activity, as well as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activity.

Aprotinin (Traskolan) is a broad-spectrum serine protease (BPTI) inhibitor that inhibits the activity of a number of different esterases and proteases. Aprotinin is an antifibrinolytic agent used to minimize hemorrhage during complex surgical procedures.

Vadimezan (DMXAA) is a vascular disrupting agent, a murine STING agonist, and an inducer of cytokines such as type I IFN. Vadimezan has antitumor activity and induces a rapid cessation of blood flow in tumors without affecting blood flow in normal tissues.

Emricasan (IDN-6556) is a pan-caspase inhibitor with irreversible properties. Emricasan has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activity and can be used in the treatment of infections and liver failure, etc. Emricasan also inhibits Zika virus infections.

6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-nor-Leucine (L-6-Diazo-5-oxonorleucine) is a glutaminase antagonist (Ki: 6 μM) and an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified Streptomyces species from Peruvian soil.

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a flavonoid natural product that inhibits influenza virus replication (EC50=24.7 μM) and aldose reductase activity (IC50=320 nM). Isoliquiritigenin has antitumor activity.

Coumarin is a chemical compound poison found in many plants, notably in high concentration in the tonka bean, woodruff, and bison grass. It has clinical value as the precursor for several anticoagulants, notably warfarin.

Catechin (Cianidanol) is a flavan-3-ol, a type of natural phenol and antioxidant.

Camptothecin (CPT) belongs to the alkaloid group of natural products and is a specific DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitor (IC50=679 nM) with specificity. Camptothecin has antitumor activity and induces apoptosis.

Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride (SKF5019) is a potent dopamine D2 receptor inhibitor used as an antipsychotic and an antiemetic.

Crystal Violet (Hexamethylpararosaniline chloride) is a triarylmethane dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis, with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.

Amantadine hydrochloride (CI-719) is an antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A and Parkinson disease.

Oseltamivir phosphate (GS 4104) is a neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor with oral activity. Oseltamivir phosphate has antiviral activity and is effective against a wide range of influenza viruses, inhibiting mature influenza viruses from breaking away from host cells.

Curcumin (Natural Yellow 3) is a phenolic natural product, an inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase p300 CREB (IC50=25 μM) with specificity. Curcumin has a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.

N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Acide aceneuramique) is a nine-carbon sialic acid monosaccharide commonly found in glycoproteins on cell membranes and in glycolipids such as gangliosides in mammalian cells. Studies have shown that N-Acetylneuraminic acid is biologically useful for neurotransmission, leukocyte extravasation, viral or bacterial infections, and carbohydrate-protein recognition.

α-Vitamin E (Dexrabeprazole Sodium) is a naturally-occurring form of vitamin E, a fat-soluble vitamin with potent antioxidant properties.

Tofacitinib Citrate (CP-690550 citrate) is a a potent, cell-permeable inhibitor of JAK1 2 3 (IC50s: 1 20 112 nM).

Chlorogenic acid is a natural phenol found in honeysuckle. Chlorogenic acid has a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective.

Naringenin (NSC-11855) is a flavanone that is considered to have a bioactive effect on human health as antioxidant, free radical scavenger, antiinflammatory, carbohydrate metabolism promoter, immunity system modulater. This substance has also been shown to repair DNA.

Baicalein (5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

Isoferulic acid (Hesperetate) exhibits hypoglycemic properties.

Psoralen (Ficusin) is a furocoumarin that intercalates with DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division.